Analysis of the Relationship between Competition Policy and Economic Regulation Free Essay Example, 2250 words

Hence many countries and regions are now following the deregulation by trying to implement the best practices in other systems and avoiding the worst mistakes. A major problem with the deregulation is that it is based on a very weak logical foundation for improving efficiency. In the absence of competition, this may not be the case. It is important to note that the study of regulation cannot be done in isolation. It has to be studied in the social, political and economic context in which it exists. The relative powers of different interest groups play their part in formulating and shaping the regulations. Different regulatory mechanisms interact with each other and once implemented they play an important role as the motives of decision makers. A thorough understanding of the regulatory process is thus not possible without considering specific institutions, political structures and actors. According to this theory, government intervention or regulation is required only in case of mar ket failure when a market is unable to achieve a particular social object such as equality. Government intervention is needed to correct this failure. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Relationship between Competition Policy and Economic Regulation or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The various tools of economic regulation are (Chris J Dolan)The two basic purposes of regulatory body are a promotion of conditions essential for the efficient working of marketplace and prevention of socially undesirable outcomes. These two purposes may not always be complementary.

The, Regeneration And The Poetry Of Wilfred Owen - 2547 Words

The Conflict Theory which has been suggested by Karl Marx emphasizes the role of coercion and power producing social order. It suggests that there is inequality existing as there is great attention paid to class, sexuality and gender as they are seen as the foundation to the most dominate and enduring conflicts in society. This is presented through texts ‘Birdsong’, Regeneration and the poetry of Wilfred Owen. These texts explore and capture the conflict of WW1 as well as the aftermath and the effect of war on individuals of society. This unprecedented global conflict altered the idea of masculinity as men were forced to function domestically in the trenches which lead to not only physical but psychological trauma that manifested itself through shell shock. The conflict World War 1 had created was infinite as men didn t only join the army by being promised that it would all be over by Christmas but also they were driven by the false illusion of honour by patriotism a nd the false experiences the war would bring to them. It resulted to an abyss of murder, hatred and conflict as the men encounter such horror and devastation that they become immune to it. One of the conflicts men had gone under was physical conflict with 9,722,620 fatalities and 21,228,813 physical impairments. Rupert Brook was the sort of poet that Owen was fighting against because he romanticized the war by making it look like it was noble sacrifice as propaganda was rife for men to be recruited andShow MoreRelated Examine and compare the ways in which Pat Barker in Regeneration and1313 Words   |  6 PagesExamine and compare the ways in which Pat Barker in Regeneration and Wilfred Owen in his poetry explore the nature of life in the trenches. Pat Barker and Wilfred Owen are both successful writers in delivering an insight into trench life from the perspective of a soldier, although in different ways. Owen, being a soldier himself, has had first hand experience of trench life and describes the pity of war, in that war is a waste of young, innocent lives, and the bitterness of the soldiersRead More Comparing Irony of War in Dulce et Decorum, Regeneration, and Quiet on the Western Front1165 Words   |  5 PagesIrony of War Exposed in Dulce et Decorum, Regeneration, and Quiet on the Western Front    Many of the young officers who fought in the Great War enlisted in the army with glowing enthusiasm, believing that war was played in fancy uniforms with shiny swords. They considered war as a noble task, an exuberant journey filled with honor and glory. Yet, after a short period on the front, they discovered that they had been disillusioned by the war: fighting earned them nothing but hopelessness, deathRead More The Healing Power of Poetry Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesThe Healing Power of Poetry The devastations and repercussions of war are inimitable, and can sometimes be left unhealed. However, men and women have had to find cures to lick their wounds and resettle the turbulence existing within their minds. In Pat Barkers emotionally powerful war novel Regeneration, we are introduced to a war journal, called the Hydra, on page 84, which served as healing tool for WWI soldiers. This journal contained articles, cartoons, poetry, letters, and all kindsRead MorePat Barkers Regeneration, Wilfred Owens Poetry and Joseph Hellers Catch-223081 Words   |  13 PagesExplore the psychological and moral impact of war on soldiers and civilians in Pat Barkers Regeneration and Wilfred Owens poetry. In the course of your writing show how your ideas have been illuminated by your response to Joseph Hellers Catch-22 and other readings of both core texts. Pat Barkers Regeneration, Wilfred Owens poetry and Joseph Hellers Catch-22 can all be categorised as subjective war texts  as the main structural principle is not dominated by characters actions, but ratherRead MoreThe First World War1809 Words   |  8 Pagessoldiers during world war one. Many soldiers didn’t make it out of their trench before they were shot down. War is a traumatic event that until today is still happening. Most poets and authors use to idea of war as an inspiration for their writing. Wilfred Owen is a man highly recognised for his writing and participation in the First World War. He expresses the brutality of the First world war by interpreting his own traumatic experiences into his poems. He depicted the reality and horrors of world warRead MoreAnalysis Of Pat Barker s Night 2568 Words   |  11 Pagesanalyzing speak about the idea of mental health or war trauma during World War I and World War II, instead of calling it PTSD the authors call is shell shock, which is close to the definition of PTSD. The two books that I am analyzing is Pat Barker s Regeneration, which is focused on a mental institution and how soldiers deal with shell shock and many other internal struggles. The second is Elie Wiesel’s book Night, which speaks about a family that is taken to a concentration camp and is dealing with theRead MoreA Com parison Of Differing Views/Attitudes To War With Reference To Regeneration, Strange Meeting, Selected Poetry and A Journeys End2323 Words   |  10 PagesA Comparison Of Differing Views/Attitudes To War With Reference To Regeneration, Strange Meeting, Selected Poetry and A Journeys End David Lloyd George once commented, in a highly patriotic sense upon ‘the making of a new Europe-a new world’, to what degree was this true is debatable to a great extent, after all the armistice signed on November 11th 1918, didn’t confirm victory but only to learn a horrific number of 9,000,000 million fatalities were caused due to world warRead MoreCritical Appreciation of Herbert Reads My Company Essay786 Words   |  4 Pages The poem My Company by Herbert Read communicates a perception of war which was characteristic of Great War Literature as a whole. It is evident that Herbert Read used poetry as a way of expressing and communicating his ideas about the war. As Rivers, a psychologist in the novel Regeneration notes: horror and fear were the inevitable reponses to the trauma of war. The poet uses lexical choice, form, imagery, repetition, rhythm and tone in order to convey his Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder2790 Words   |  11 PagesResearch Paper Throughout all of the poetry, movies, and novels we have watched thus far in the course we have encountered a variety of types of shell shock, or as we call it today Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD. We have had a chance to read poems written by Siegfried Sassoon Wilfred Owen who both spent time at Craiglockhart, a well-known mental hospital in Scotland, for suffering from symptoms of shell shock. We also had a chance to see for what shell shock was like during World War

Site Supervaisar free essay sample

Case-3 1) In your judgment, is it wrong, from ethical point of view, for the auto companies to submit plans for an automobile to China? Explain your answer. In environmental point of view, where my ethic point of view strongly relies on, on international auto companies to submit plans for an small automobile enough to carry three people, rugged enough to commute across poor maintained roads across nation generating a minimum pollution automobile costing less than $5,000 dollars is not such a good idea. The world’s market for energy particularly oil, was based in part on the fact that China, with its large population, was using relatively low levels of energy. China would be consuming twice the amount of oil the United States currently uses if China ever reaches even the modest per person consumptions level of South Korea. Electric cars 2) Of the various approaches to environmental ethics outlined in this chapter, which approach sheds most light on the ethical issues raised by this case? Explain your answer. That is a quite interesting question, if U. S. overnment decides to intervene in negotiations between U. S. auto companies and comes to agreement or whatsoever, that U. S. auto companies will not be serving China’s auto industry needs, the deck of cards would be more likely to fall into foreign auto makers such as Germany and others. To my surprise, Korea’s auto company, Kia, was not mentioned in this article since China and Korea has strong trading transact ions. Kia would be the perfect candidate to meet China’s need for automobiles since Korea produces car so affordable rugged and environment-happy automobiles. The U. S. overnment would not have 3. The number of vehicles produced in China annually more or less equals the number of vehicles sold there, with both exports and imports at minimal levels. China became a net motor vehicle exporter in 2005 — a notable milestone — as exports more than doubled to 172,800 units, and imports increased modestly to 161,000. 29 Total production and sales each totaled nearly 6 million units. One analysis calculates that 59% of exports were pickups and other light trucks, mainly destined for markets in the Middle East, Southeast Asia and Africa; 16% were passenger cars. Imports were ainly medium-size and larger luxury vehicles, which are coming under increasing pressure from higher-end domestic production. 30 Another auto industry source stated that, â€Å"It will likely be five to 10 years before China is exporting cars in significant quantities. † Furthermore, â€Å"China’s biggest state-run auto makers don’t have big export plans,† according to this speaker, â€Å"since they are in joint ventures with big multinationals such as GM. †31 Consequently, the most active Chinese companies with export plans aimed at North America are the producers without major joint-venture tie-ups with the large international automobile companies. American entrepreneur Malcolm Bricklin in 2005 undertook widely publicized efforts to create a 200-dealer network (â€Å"Visionary Vehicles†) aimed at selling 250,000 Chery-made vehicles in the U. S. market by 2007. The up-front contributions by franchise awardees were supposed to fund the $200 million necessary to engineer a competitive vehicle able to meet U. S. safety and fueleconomy standards. By early 2006, Bricklin had signed up one confirmed prospective dealer, according to Automotive News, a trade newspaper, which labeled the initiative as one of the â€Å"Ten Big Blunders† of 2005. 2 However, subsequent reports are that Bricklin has secured $225 million in funding for research and development work at Chery from an investment banking firm located in Greenwich, Connecticut. He hopes to compete directly against the major Japanese producers in the U. S. market case-4 . Problem The Robert Hall Clothes, Inc. in Wilmington, Delaware are paying men and women different wages for essentially the same job. This is morally wrong because it is gender discrimination. II. Analysis A. The management of Robert Hall learned in 1973 that it was entirely legal for them to pay male salespersons more than female salespersons. Management feels that it is okay to pay women clerks less, because the commodities that they sell cannot bring in the same profit margins as the commodities the men sell. The women argue that selling costs and profit margins do not matter, because the skills, efforts, and responsibilities required of all clerks are â€Å"substantially† the same. Also, the women are not allowed to work in the men’s department or vice versa, which means they do not have an opportunity to make as much as the men. The management of Robert Hall must decide if women and men should be paid the same wages. If they decide not to pay the women clerks the same wages, then the morale of the women workers will decline and some women clerks might quit. Management should make a decision quickly, before women boycott their department stores. B. The primary ethical value at stake is equality. Robert Hall is discriminating against the women employees by paying them less than men and not allowing them to work in the men’s department. Kant’s philosophy states that everyone should be treated as a free person equal to everyone else. It appears that Robert Hall is not treating their female clerks equal to the male clerks. Another ethical issue to consider along with equality is that of fairness. The management of Robert Hall is not being fair in distributing the goods of the company. The women employees have the same responsibilities, skills, and efforts as the men, if not more. Rawls’s philosophy assumes that a productive society will incorporate inequalities in distributing the goods. Also, Rawls’s theory states that everyone should have an equal opportunity to qualify for the more privileged positions in society’s institutions, which the women clerks do not have. III. Alternatives A. In deciding whether to increase female clerks’ wages or not to increase them, the management of Robert Hall needs to evaluate the company’s distribution system and the fairness of the principles used in that system. They also need to analyze where the company draws the line between legally okay and morally okay according to company policy. According to Rawls, management must choose an alternative that will not discriminate on the basis of gender and improves the position of the least advantaged without making everyone else worse off to be morally right. One option for management is not to change the wages of the female employees. Robert Hall knows that it is legally okay to have different wages, so they do not have to change anything. Management may not find it beneficial or necessary to increase women’s wages given the data at hand. Another option for management is to increase the wages of female clerks to equal or nearly equal the wages of the male clerks. The morale of the female clerks will probably increase if management raises their wages. Management must analyze the impact the wage difference has on female clerks and evaluate the benefits and costs of changing the wage. The company should also take into consideration its own policy on equality. B. The first alternative is supported by the legal obligation Robert Hall Clothes Inc. has to their employees. According to a 1973 supreme court ruling, Robert Hall does not have to pay men and women equal. This was based on the fact that the men sell higher and more expensive quality commodities than the women. The company cannot sell higher and more expensive quality commodities in the women’s department, because there is too much competition in the area. In management’s eyes, the equality of female and male wages is equal on the basis of the commodities sold and to the wages of similar department stores in the area. Since management is paying the going wage of the area, the female clerks’ wages are fair. From a utilitarian perspective, not increasing the wages provides management with the greatest benefits or least costs, because their expenses are at a minimum and profits are at a maximum. On the other hand, not changing the wages of women salespeople will damage management’s relationship with women employees. According to ethics of care, management has an obligation to exercise special care toward those persons with whom they have a valuable and close relationship. The relationship between management and female clerks is one of interdependency. Management needs the female clerks to sell their goods to gain a profit and female clerks need the job to support their family. If management does not increase female wages, then the motivation and morale of those clerks will most likely decline. The second alternative is to increase the wages of women clerks and indicate the company’s policy on equality. This alternative will meet the requirements of equality, fairness, and ethics of care. The women clerks make a good point about the responsibilities, efforts and skills required of male and female salespersons. If both genders have essentially the same levels in all three categories, then they should be paid similarly. If the salary structure within Robert Hall is to be fair, â€Å"workers who roughly do similar work should receive roughly similar wages† (page 440). I believe that a fair distribution system should incorporate work duties, responsibilities, and skills into the system. On the other hand, this course of action will most likely increase the company’s costs and expenses, which would reduce total profits. Plus, this alternative may require a small reduction in male clerks’ wages, which would harm management’s relationship with those employees. But it is more important to provide a work environment based on equality, fairness, and good relationships. IV. Recommendation A. My recommendation is that management increases the wages of female clerks and indicates the importance of equality within the company. B. I believe this alternative is the most ethical. It is consistent with Rawls’s theory of justice, ethics of care, and it establishes organizational integrity. The management of Robert Hall should allow ethical values to shape and drive their enterprise instead of legal compliance. The best approach is to combine the concern for obeying the law and behaving ethically. Just because the wage difference is legal it does not mean it is morally right. If Robert Hall wants to maintain a good relationship with their employees, then they should focus on the ethical values the company and their employees believe are important. In this case, the salespersons value equality and fairness. The increase in female wages will make management’s relationship with female salespersons stronger and indicate to all employees that equality and fairness are important. I expect this change to improve the morale and motivation of the female workers, because they will feel that they are being treated equally and fairly. If the men salespeople make a little bit more than the women after the increase, then there will still be an issue of equality. The women would not be able to make as much as the men, because of the segregation of the departments. In this situation, I believe that the women should have an opportunity to work in the more privileged positions at Robert Hall. V. Implementation When management informs the employees of the change in wages, they must be clear and specific as to why they decided to change it. They need to emphasize the importance of ethical values, especially those of equality and fairness. It is important that management tell the employees that the company’s distribution system incorporates equality and fairness. Also, the employees should be told the process in which the new wage was established. For example, maybe management used comparable worth in deciding on the increases. Also, if management had to reduce the male clerks’ wages to bring up the female wages, then they need to be prepared to deal with angry male clerks. When dealing with angry male clerks, management needs to emphasize issues of equality and fairness. The best approach to helping the men understand is to ask them how they would feel if they were the women clerks. The men probably would not want lower wages for doing essentially the same job. Management will most likely not have to deal with angry male clerks, because they seem to have enough profit to cover the increase. Also, management can gradually increase women wages to reduce the impact on the company’s financial situation. Another issue that management might have to deal with is equal opportunity for the more privileged positions. This will only be an issue if male salespersons have a higher wage after the increase in female wages. Since equality and fairness are key ethical values to the employees and hopefully the company as well, management will have to desegregate the departments. In other words, women should be able to work in the men’s department and vice versa. Case 6 Eli Liily Eli Lilly Case Study 1 1. Discuss Eli Lilly’s practices from the perspectives of utilitarianism and rights. The utilitarian principle affirms that, â€Å"an action is right from an ethical point of view if and only if the sum total of utilities produced by that act is greater than the sum total of utilities produced by any other act the agent could have performed in its place. † (Velasquez, 61)    When Lilly began using homeless alcoholic subjects for phase 1 testing, they met the requirements set forth by Congress and the FDA. These subjects came forward, regardless of their personal motivation, to perform a service that would benefit the greater good. This act exemplifies utilitarianism. (Utilitarianism Principle, 63) To oppose this principle we would argue the two moral issues of rights and justice simultaneously. Some actions are morally right even if they are unjust (Utilitarianism Principle). An example of this would be a decision to steal food for your family or to let them go hungry. A person would need to decide between â€Å"legal good† versus â€Å"greater good† of feeding your family. The basic notion that separates justice from morality and suggests that one need only consider    morality. (Rule-utilitarianism, 69) 3. In your judgment, is the policy of using homeless alcoholics for the test subjects morally appropriate? Why or Why not? I believe that it is morally appropriate to use homeless alcoholics for test subjects if you consider this, an action is morally right if carrying out the action the agent exercises, exhibits or develops a morally virtuous character, and is morally wrong to the extent that by carrying out the action the agent exercises, exhibits, or develops a morally vicious character. Virtue theory, 112) To oppose this principle we would argue the two moral issues of rights and justice simultaneously. Some actions are morally right even if they are unjust (Utilitarianism Principle). An example of this would be a decision to 2. While bringing many good pharmaceuticals to market, Eli Lilly has been found to push products to the marketplace with b ad research, withhold research to the public and falsely advertise its products. Lilly was cited in lawsuits filed against the manufacturers of diethylstilbestrol (DES), a drug prescribed to women in the 1940s and 1950s to prevent miscarriages. The company was ordered to pay $400,000 in damages from DES even though the complications that developed were not known at the time. Oraflex, the American version of Benoxaprofen, was withdrawn from the market in 1982, just one month after gaining FDA approval. A British medical journal found five cases of death due to jaundice in patients taking the drug and the FDA accused Lilly of suppressing unfavorable research findings. In 1985, the U. S. Justice Department filed criminal charges against the company and Dr. William Ian H. Shedden. Lilly pleaded guilty to 25 criminal counts and paid a $25,000 fine. ase5 * Today’s announcement underscores one key fact: the real questions about Napsters future are economic, not technical or legal†. (Napster CEO Hank Barry, Feb 16 2001) * Court rulings have limited many of the features that made Napster a social phenomenon, and the prospects of venture funding have diminished rapidly, forcing Naspter to act decisively and quickly to le verage its key resources to create a revenue-generating business. * Napster: It’s the future, in my opinion. That’s the way music is going to be communicated around the world. The most important thing now is to embrace it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Dave Matthews band) * Napster is nothing but a â€Å"Giant Online Pirate Bazaar. † (Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)) * Recorded Music Industry * Prime candidate for restructuring * Disruptive Technology * Changes in†¦ * production process * production technology * distribution technology * revenue sources * roles Current Situation @ Napster * Being forced to install filters on its servers to prevent copyright violations has overshadowed the more fundamental issue Napster has faced since becoming the preeminent file sharing resource on the Internet. How can Napster transform itself into revenue-generating business, let alone a profitable business? * One can think of a profit stream as starting with the development of innovative capabilities, then incorporating those innovations into product attributes. These product attributes generate value in the market through tactical actions. The final and c ritical step, at least from the standpoint of an enterprise, occurs when that value generated can be transformed into profits through a competitive offering. Market Landscape – Problems of the Music Industry * Forget digital downloads for a moment. What are some non-technical trends in the music industry that set the stage for Napsters rise and the industrys response? * Until the mid-nineties, the global music industry enjoyed an uninterrupted boom. Due to the successful launch of the CD as the new sound medium, the industry was experiencing unheard-of success. Yet, by the mid-nineties, the turnover figures in the most important markets demonstrate clearly that the recording industry had reached a state of market saturation. * There has been noticeable uncertainty in the industry in the past few years with a lot of factors contributing to the problems. Problems of the Music Industry * Another trend is the appreciably shorter life span of artists and groups. A number of record labels are still feasting off the acts launched almost forty years ago. In some cases, they provide labels with constant sales figures even today, without needing a significant marketing budget. For example, the band Led Zeppelin (30+ years old) contributes significantly to the revenues and profits of Atlantic even today. In contrast, Warner Brothers expectations of the prematurely lauded REM, for example, are currently not entirely fulfilled, in spite of excellent sales for the group in the early nineties.

modernist elements in the hollow men Essays -

Introduction: THIS IS THE WAY THE WORLD ENDS THIS IS THE WAY THE WORLD ENDS THIS IS THE WAY THE WORLD ENDS NOT WITH A BANG BUT A WHIMPER T.S.Eliot, The Hollow Men (95-98). The end of The Hollow Men can only be the beginning of a deep and long reflection for thoughtful readers. T.S. Eliot, who always believed that in his end is his beginning, died and left his verse full of hidden messages to be understood, and codes to be deciphered. It is this complexity, which is at the heart of modernism as a literary movement, that makes of Eliot?s poetry very typically modernist. As Ezra Pound once famously stated, Eliot truly did ?modernize himself?. Although his poetry was subject to important transformations over the course of his career, all of it is characterized by many unifying aspects typical of modernism. It employs characters who fit the modern man as described by Fitzgerald, Faulkner and others of the poet?s contemporaries. It is marked by its tendency to bring together the intellectual, the aesthetic and the emotional in a way that both condemns the past and honors it. The poet expressed modernism as a new system of thought that does not fully deny traditionality by using devices such as allusions to previous texts. In ?The Tradition and the Individual Talent?, Eliot emphasizes the role of literary tradition viewing the best writers as those who have a sense of continuity with the writers before them, as if literature is one river in which each new writer must swim. He argued that the literary past must be used as to serve contemporary poetry purposes. This tendency, and many other attitudes that typify modernist writings, are present in Eliot?s works. This short paper intends to highlight some modernist elements in Eliot?s The Hollow Men as a poem representative of his new innovative poetry and of the spirit of modernism as a whole. I will look at how the poem reflects this newly new literary movement in terms of both thematic matter and style. This latter, of course, shouldn?t be viewed as constant for there is a permanent quest for a style that is best. However, before tackling the core of the subject matter, I find it useful to start with a brief presentation of some characteristics of modernism as a new system of thought and a new literary movement in American literature. 1.On ?Modernism?: In fact, it would not be modernist approach to try to look at modernism by way of definition. It would not also be fair to associate it only to the literary sphere. Modernism, as mentioned earlier, is a whole new way of thinking, a new worldview and a new view of man and the universe. The early twentieth century was a watershed in human history as it brought unprecedented political, social, economic and scientific transformations that shaped a modern world characterized by chaos, discontent, alienation and moral decay. Modernism embraced these changes and a new artistic representation was inevitable. Literature, especially poetry, became a place for carrying out the only meaningful activity, which is the search for meaning. Modernism announced the death of the author, redefined the reader-author relationship giving more importance to the reader?s interpretation of the writer?s ambiguous thematic elements. Furthermore, modernists believed that we create the world in the act of perceiving it. Modernist writing expressed a shift from realism into abstractions, as the abstract came to be seen as more expressive than the concrete. With its deliberate complexity and defamiliarization, modernist literature was marked by a strong and conscious break with conventional modes of form, resulting in fragmentation and bold, highly innovative experimentation in prose and poetry. To reflect the chaotic fragmented post-war world, modernists sought to use literary devices that were not only vehicles for carrying meaning but also meaningful entities themselves. The form and the content became equally important. Notions such as the hero and the plot collapsed. Modernist writings use symbols and images instead of statements, employ understated and ironic rhetoric without explanations, and consist of segments juxtaposed without transitional elements. The reader must participate in the making of the poem or story by digging the structure out and create coherence out of the seeming incoherence.